Food Poisoning

Introduction:

Food poisoning is an acute gastroenteritis caused by the consumption of a food material or a drink which contains the pathogenic micro organism or their toxins or poisonous chemicals.Food poisoning is common in hostels,hotels,communal feedings, and festivel seasons.

A group of persons will be affected with same type of symptoms ,and they give a history of consumption of a common food before few hours.

Types of food poisoning

1) Bacterial food poisoning:

Here the micro organisms called bacteria are responsible.The food material may contain the pathogenic bacteriae or their toxin and will be ingested along with the food.

2) Non bacterial food poisoning:

Due to the presence of toxic chemicals like fertilizers,insectisides,heavy metals and ect.

Since bacterial food poisoning is common it is discussed here.

Bacterial food poisoning:

All bacteria are not harmful.There are some pathogenic bacteria which secrete toxins and cause clinical manifestations.These organisms enter the human body through food articles or drinks.

How food poisoning occures:

1) Presence of bacteria in the water.

2) The raw materials for the food may contain toxins.

3) Premises where the food is prepared may contain micro organisms or toxins.

4) Food handlers may have some infectious diseases.

5) Some animals like dogs,rats may contaminate the food.

6) If prepared food is kept in the room temperature for a long time and heated again can make a chance for food poisoning.

7) Purposely some body mixing toxins in the food.


Some common bacterial food poisonings.

1) Salmonella food poisoning:

There are three different varieties of salmonella bacteria.(salmonella typhimurium,salmonella cholera suis,salmonella enteritidis) These bacteria are present in milk, milk products and eggs. Symptoms of this food poisoning include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Fever is also common.

2) Botulism:

This is the dangerous type of food poisoning caused by clostridium botulinum. The spores of these organisms are seen in the soil and enters the human body through pickles and canned fish ect.Compared to other food poisonings here vomiting and diarrhoea are rare Mainly the nervous system is affected.The symptoms starts with double vision,numbness with weakness.Later there will be paralysis with cardiac and respiratory failure ending in death.

3) Staphylococcal food poisoning:

It is caused by staphylo coccus aureus. These organisms usually cause skin troubles like boils and eruptions.It causes mastitis in cow.Through the milk and milk products it enders and causes gastroenteritis.There will be vomiting,abdominal cramps with diarrhoea.

4) Closteridium food poisoning:

This is caused by closteridium perfringens.They are present in stool,soil and water. They enter the body through,meat,meat dishes and egg ect.If food articles are cooked and kept in room temperature for a long time and heated again before eating can result this food poisoning.Symptoms include vomiting ,diarrhoea and abdominal cramps.

5) Bacillus cereus:

The spores of these organisms can survive cooking and causes enteritis. Diarrhoea and vomiting is common in this infection.


How to investigate food poisoning?

1) Examine each and every person affected.

2) Water sample should be tested.

3) Kitchen, store room and food samples should be examined.

4) The cook and food handlers should be questioned and examined.

5) Samples of vomitus and stool of all victims should be tested to identify the bacteria.


How to prevent food poisoning:-

1) Only purified water should be used.

2) Hygiene should be maintained by all persons keeping contact with food.

3) Workers should use masks, cap and gloves during cooking and serving.

4) Sick individuals should not come in contact with food materials.

5) Kitchen and premises should be neat and clean.

5) Vessels should be washed with soap and hot water.

6) Should not keep the prepared food for a long time in room temperature.

7) All food materials should be kept in closed containers.

8) Animals like dog, cat, rat ect should not come in contact with food materials.

9) Vegetables should be washed before cooking.

10) Meat should be fresh and should be purchased from recognised slaughter house.

Causes of Low Back Pain

Low back pain is a usual symptom among the modern civilized people. It affects mainly the middle aged and young adults of both sexes. People who work on the chair with out exercise and those who carry heavy loads regularly are prone to get this complaint. We can hardly find a person who has not suffered from back pain at least once in life. The causes of low back pain ranges from simple reasons like muscular strain to cancer of spine and hence backache should not be ignored. The pain is felt in lumbar and sacral region and may radiate to nearby sites.

The following are some causes for backache.

1) Backache due to diseases in the back.

2) Backache due to gynaecological problems.

3) Backache due to problems in other parts of the body.


1) Backache due to diseases in the back:--

a) Injuries :-

1) Compression fracture of the vertebral column.
2) Rupture of intervertebral discs.
3) Injuries to ligaments and muscles of back.
4) Lumbosacral strain.
5) Intervertebral joint injuries.
6) Fracture of processes of vertebra.

b) Functional backache due to imbalance:-

1) During pregnancy.
2) Pot belly.
3) Diseases of the hip joint.
4) Curvature in the spine due to congenital defect.
5) Short leg in one side.

c) Backache due to inflammatory conditions:-

1) Infection of the bone due to bacteria.
2) Tuberculosis of the spine.
3) Arthritis.
4) Brucellosis.
5) Lumbago or fibrositis.
6) Inflamation of the muscles.
7) Anchylosing spondylitis.

d) Backache due to degenerative diseases in the back.

1) Osteoarthritis.
2) Osteoporosis in old people.
3) Degenaration of the intervertebral disc.

e) Tumour in the spine:--

1) Primory tumour of the bones in the spine.
2) Metastatic tumours from other sites like prostate,lungs,kidneys,intestine ect.

2) Backache due to gynaecological problems:-

a) After childbirth.
b) After gynaecological operations.
c) Prolapse of the uterus.
d) Pelvic inflammatory diseases.
e) Cancerous lesions of the pelvic organs.
f) Endometriosis.

3) Backache due to problems in other parts of the body.

a) Renal stones.
b) Ureteric stone.
c) Cancer of prostate.
d) Pancreatitis.
e) Biliary stones.
f) Peptic ulcer.
g) Inflammations of pelvic organs.
h) Occlusion of aorta and illiac arteries.


Investigation of a case of backache:-

1) Complete blood count.

2) Routine urine examination.

3) Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis.

4) X-ray of the lumbar and sacral region.

5) MRI of the spine.

5) CT scan of abdomen and pelvic region.

6) Examination of rectum,prostate,genito urinary organs.


Treatment of back ache:-

1) Removing the cause for backache.

2) Symptomatic treatement.

2) Back exercises.

3) Traction.

3) Yoga.

5) Surgery.

7) Homoeopathy.

Rediscovering the Benefits of Meditation

People are now going back to ancient practices because they know that the modern times have been causing them too much stress. Of all the means of relaxation out there, more and more people are looking forward to experience the benefits of meditation.

Because of its effectivity in terms of calming the mind and developing a person's level of intuition, meditation has now being performed not just a means of clearing the mind and inner reflection but also to heal various illnesses in the mind, emotions, and physical aspects.

Meditation and its benefits

One of the most celebrated benefits of meditation is that it greatly helps the person's physical state. Among the physical benefits of meditation involve the heart through a deep rest because it decreases the person's metabolic rate as well as the heart rate, which leads to the reduction of workload for the heart. Aside from that, it is also known to lower the levels of a person's cortisol as well as dissolving the chemicals that are closely associated with everyday stress.
Other physical benefits of meditation also include reduced free radicals in the body by eliminating oxygen molecules that are unstable, decreases a person's high blood pressure, develops the ability to have more resistant skin, lowering or totally dropping the person's level of cholesterol, improve air flow to the lungs to aid easy breathing, delays biological aging and increases the levels of DHEAS in older people.

When it comes to psychological factor, meditation aids in increasing the person's brain wave coherence, decreasing anxiety levels, often irritability, deep-set depression, and swing of moods, improves the person's memory as well as his or her learning ability, increases the person's ability for self-actualization, increases the person's feeling of youthfulness and rejuvenation as well as vitality, leads to positive outlook in life and joyfulness, and increases a person's emotional status and stability.

Other noted benefits of meditation for an individual and his or her community include:

- Relaxation to the person's the body, mind, and soul.

- Rejuvenation of energy to face the heavy challenges and stress ahead.

- Healing of various illnesses that are closely-associated with the mind and the body.

- Making a more stable person in terms of emotions.

- Developments of relaxed family life and instilling positive outlooks in life to younger people.

- Enhances the person's ability to make his or her mind function properly.

- Letting a person discover his or her inner self, this in turn releases the creativity in them.

- It helps people to free themselves from various vices and addictions such as alcohol and cigarettes as well as in various medications such as tranquilizers and narcotics.

- It also helps a person to gain higher self-confidence, thus, resulting to stronger power of the will.

- It can be an effective and safe way of discovering one's self instead of focusing the attention to other unhealthy practices.

- It aids in the development of the power of the mind.

The list goes on about the benefits of mediation in an individual and to his or her community. In so many cases, these are positive benefits but once mediation has not been used properly, people should be aware of the side effects. To avoid this from happening, people who are planning to get serious in meditation should always consult a professional before performing any meditation techniques.

Lip Care

Differs from part of other skin, lip doesn't contain fat gland, but lip contained melamine or pigment matter causing tends to quickly dry if it is hit direct sunshine or in cold weather. Besides weather factor, lip surface is also bases on balance of hormone estrogen. If enough estrogen hormone, hence lip becomes healthy and smooth.

But it isn't necessarily to be worry, when we still teenager and regeneration still taking place, we can maintain lip dampness by taking care of lip health.

1. Always rubbing lip balm to protect lip.
2. Does light massage at lip with lip special cream and rubs a few at lips at the night for natural protection.
3. Soaked black teabag at warm water then depress at lip during three minutes. This will increase dampness of lip skin.
4. To make lip relax, natural masker create with viscid papaya juice. Puts down in towel and rubs it slowly around lip. Lets during 10-15 minutes, washes and dabs lip balm. Papaya containing enzyme that can sloughs and can assist sloughs dead skin in lip.
5. Don't licking lip repeatedly. Saliva containing certain enzyme irritation of skin can out most of thin lip. As a result, lip exactly will drier.
6. Cleans lipstick before sleep with lip special cleaner or with baby oil and rubs lip moisturizer to sterilize lip from remaining lipstick chemistry material. This way more effectively is compared to does it is day time. Because when sleep, lip is not make any move so that moisturizer can diffuse optimal. For sensitive lip, selects moisturizer without perfume.
7. Avoids consumption snack like briny flaky. Because can cause wrinkle lip or irritation for a while. Neutralizes lip by cleaning lip, then rubbed vitamin equipped with by lip moisturizer.
8. For treatment, applies lip cosmetic containing vitellarium and C ( as antioxidant). While for a real dry lip selected product containing vitamin E.
9. When used of masker or product peeling, better don't be hit lip. The products can make lip dry or irritation. But if massaging face with message oil it is better lets this oil hit lip and dabs a few so that lip become smoother.
10. Keep tooth and mouth cleans. Because bacterium that patching at tooth can be move might possibly at lip through saliva. If there are little injury at lips, this bacterium potency generates light infection.

Wash Your Hands

Although seen simple, cleans hand can obviate us from various disease.

The importance of cleaning hand

Though have been many evidences showing usefulness to clean hand, still many people isn't do it, while it's very dangerous if we didn't clean hand. Everyday you are interaction with people, contaminated surface, food, until looking after pet. If you didn't clean hand regularly, you are infection yourself with germ to your eyes, nose, mouth and other part of your body. More than anything else you can contaminate people around you only by holding door's handle that is also is held by others.

Disease which can disseminate from habit doesn't wash hand for example cold, flu, until diarrhea. Bacteria that can contaminate for example Salmonela and E. coli which can cause indigestion. Just for info, around 76 million American are suffers from it and 5000 between it were died.

How to wash your hands properly

Wash your hands properly is with water and soap. Though there are many antibacterial soaps , ordinary soap also have been enough. Too much using antibacterial soap can make impenetrable germ and make more difficult to kill it. So, simple combination between washing hands by using soap and cleans it with water has can kill the bacterium on-hand.

Step by step washing your hands:

• Wets your hands with warm water and continued by using liquid soap or solid until it foamy.
• Rubs hands around 15 to 20 seconds.
• Range all part of hands starts from palm, back of hand, wrist , space between finger and in nail then rinses until it cleans.
• Dries hands with towel.

Now, there are more practical, that is with hand-sanitizer that sold in market. Even by using hand-sanitizer quicker kills bacterium and viral at the same time obviates hand from dryness. Better apply hand-sanitizer is containing at least 60% so that more maximum.

When should you wash your hands?

Though our hands are impossible100% free of bacterium, there is when where you really must wash you hand.

Always wash your hands:

• After using toilet
• after touching and cares animal
• after eating
• before touching face
• after closing over sneeze by hand
• after cleaning hurt or touches man who is ill or injures
• after throwing away garbage
• before using and discharges contact lens
• when using public toilet